The Human Centipede II, Full Sequence. A mad scientist achieves his dream of creating a human centipede by attaching three people together. Inspired by the movie The Human Centipede, a morbid guards of a notorious prison intents to commit a series of 500 prisoners arranging in a centipede to solve his problem. In the United Kingdom, it is currently more popular than Sam Jay: 3 in the Morning but less popular than The Legend of Michael. . The controversial sequel was initially banned by the British Board of Film. 99 per month. It is compatible with DVD players and has a rating of NR. Harvey) ist Pförtner in einer Tiefgarage und fühlt sich nur in seiner Kammer sicher. $142,000 [3] The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) is a 2011 psychological body horror film [4] written, directed, and co-produced by Tom Six. The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) is 34053 on the JustWatch Daily Streaming Charts today. This forms a human centipede. 3. The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) (2011) Complet VF. Guarda The Human Centipede 2 streaming community completo alta definizione. . The movie has moved down the charts by -18 places since yesterday. The film is a sequel to 2010's The Human Centipede (First Sequence). 電影讲述的是一个德国医生绑架三名游客，用手术. Cast: Ashlynn Yennie, Bill Hutchens, Dan Burman, Daniel Jude Gennis, Dominic Borrelli, Emma Lock, Georgia. This video is currently unavailable. Mrs. The Human Centipede III (Final Sequence) marks the end of an orifice. Heiter, disturbed loner Martin dreams of creating a 12-person centipede and sets out to realize his sick fantasy. February 9, 2013. S. Au point d’acquérir les connaissances nécessaires pour surpasser l’incroyable expérience que le Dr Heiter réalise dans son film préféré: relier 12 personnes avec le même tube digestif. To watch. for all 720p/1080p BluRay. Harvey) goes on a killing and collecting spree to recreate the experiment portrayed in "The Human Centipede (First Sequenc. Hollywood. cool Originale cineblog01 è Gratis!. To escape his dreary existence, Martin loses himself in the fantasy world of. Pluto: Season 1. The Human Centipede 3 (Final Sequence) 2015 · 1 hr 42 min. The Human Centipede 2 STREAMING VF, Film streaming The Human Centipede 2 (2011): Ça va être un carnage film complet en Français Gratuit HD. Heiter, disturbed loner Martin. Um exemplo disso ocorre na cena inicial do filme quando ele se masturba enquanto assiste ao filme A Centopéia Humana (The Human Centipede (First Sequence)) com uma lixa presa ao pênis, e a sequência em que os membros da centopeia se vêem forçados a defecar sobre a boca dos outros. Streaming charts last updated: 9:08:48 AM, 11/23/2023. Release Date: Apr 26, 2009. Released: 2011-10-06. He works the night shift as a security guard in an equally grim an. Genres: Horror. 1 Ep 21 - Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) 01:25:51. The Human Centipede II (Full Sequence) Dutch-born writer-director Tom Six is a man of his word, and his promise to. The Human Centipede streaming, ti aspetta su Streaming Community tutto Completo e Gratuito Online in Italiano, Il dottor Heiter decide di svolvere le sue abilità cucendo insieme degli esseri viventi per cercare di creare una tripletta siamese con un singolo apparato digestivo. Writer Cole Abaius gave the film an F-, writing, “There’s no movie there. The Human Centipede is a series of body horror films created by Dutch filmmaker Tom Six, focusing on human beings being physically connected to each other through various means, sharing a single digestive system. Inspired by the fictional Dr. Martin is a fat man with goggle eyes and weird. Rated: R18+. Description: Inspired by the fictional Dr. 7. Rated: R. 2:04. Williams, Ashlynn Yennie, Akihiro Kitamura. Dissecting the grossest scenes in The Human Centipede 2. It stars Dieter Laser as Josef Heiter, the creator of the centipede; and. Problem is, there are so many releases out there. The Human Centipede II (Full Sequence) Metascore Overwhelming Dislike Based on 22 Critic Reviews. The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) (2011) Trailer. Four years ago, a horror film was banned in the UK and branded satanic in Australia - while in the US death threats were made against director Tom Six. Human Centipede 2 - Full Sequence (843) 3. It was the. She takes refuge in a brothel, until it is liberated by a woman's anarchist group. تعديل. Volume 90%. Director: The Human Centipede (First Sequence). "The Human Centipede (First Sequence)" è al momento disponibile da comprare e da noleggiare su CHILI Play. While Australia has had a much longer list of banned horror films in past years, today it still holds a decent sized list of scary movies that were deemed. And then they find out a German doctor’s home named Heiter who has a dream of " transplanting human by connecting digestive system back together". com. Sajdgasdjk. The Human Centipede (First Sequence) (2009) Action,Horror,Sci-Fi. Ashley C. Movie Info. The sick vision of a dem. The iconic Dr. Starring Dieter Laser, Ashley C. The Human Centipede isn’t particularly scary, but it is a tough watch. Watch The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) 2011-10-07 fullmovie. Martin is. Williams, Deiter Laster, Akihiro Kitamura. TV-MA. Full. The end result is, in my opinion, not quite as effective. The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) (2011) Stream and Watch Online. IMDb 4. It's. The Human Centipede. The Human Centipede 2 streaming vf. Trailer 85%. He was portrayed by Laurence R. The first film is The Human Centipede (The First Sequence), six people die and the centipede has three people, it was released in 2009. 人形蜈蚣. To escape his dreary existence, Martin loses himself in the fantasy world of the cult horror film The Human Centipede (First Sequence) (2009), fetishizing the meticulous surgical skills of the gifted Dr. How to watch online, stream, rent or buy The Human Centipede II (Full Sequence) in New Zealand + release dates, reviews and trailers. Human Centipede 2 introduces us to the mind of the mentally disturbed who has reached the point of a complete breakdown. , 2023-11-13. Der geistig zurückgebliebene und stille Martin Lomax (Laurence R. The Human Centipede (First Sequence) Movie Part 4. Casts: Laurence R. Harvey. The Human Centipede 2: Full Sequence is a meta sequel to, you guessed it, The Human Centipede. 4313. During a stopover in Germany in the middle of a carefree road trip through Europe, two American girls find themselves alone at night when their car breaks down in the woods. Add The Roku Channel. Watch it on The Roku Channel, The Roku Channel or Prime Video on your Roku device. Starring Dieter Laser and Laurence R. Ever since The Human Centipede (First Sequence) skittered onto screens in. 8. The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) vf et vostfr en streaming HD et téléchargement gratuit sur uptobox, 1fichier et en streaming sur Openload. If you have a low-budget, you can get away with poor acting, but the cast was great, in my. 8 1 h 27 min 2011 X-Ray 18+ Martin is a mentally disturbed loner who lives with his mother in a bleak housing project. È un lungometragio con una durata di 1h 32min. The BBFC noted that while the film's. Summaries. Vive insieme ad una madre oppressiva ed è ossessionato dal film horror. No where, i've been checking for days. 100% medically INaccurate. The Human Centipede II (Full Sequence), casting du film: Katherine Templar, Dan Burman, Dominic Borrelli, Bill Hutchens, Ashlynn Yennie, Maddi Black, Emma Lock, Georgia Goodrick, Lucas Hansen et Laurence R. Instead, it was a psychological body-horror based. The second film is The Human Centipede 2 (The Full Sequence) sixteen people die and the centipede has twelve people, it was released in 2011. Inspired by the first film, a deranged parking garage security guard sets out to create a real-life human centipede with as many as a dozen victims. 4. Watch The Human Centipede II (Full Sequence) and other popular movies online free now. ”. The Human Centipede II (Full Sequence), a thriller movie starring Laurence R. No horror film I've seen inflicts more terrible things on its victims than “The Human Centipede. Harvey, Ashlynn Yennie, Maddi Black, Kandace Caine. The first film just about got away with its premise because, despite what cynically reactionary tabloid rags said, it wasn’t torture porn. We try to add new providers constantly but we couldn't find an offer for "The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence)" online. Directed by Tom Six and starring Ashlynn Yennie, Ashley C. 1 h 27 min 2016. " Directed by Tom Six, this movie is not for the faint of heart and will leave you on the edge of your seat. AMC+ | AMC Plus Watch AMC Premiere, SundanceTV, Shudder On DemandEmerging in 2011 from the warped and squalid imagination of Tom Six, The Human Centipede 2: Full Sequence is a monstrosity that takes to exorbitant extremes the depravity of its predecessor. To escape his dreary existence, Martin loses himself in the fantasy world of the cult horror film The Human. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. In Canada, it is currently more popular than This Is the Night but less popular than Gripped: Climbing the Killer Pillar. . A deranged surgeon (Dieter Laser) plans to make his morbid fantasy come true by suturing three people together through their gastric systems. 25 Days of Bond Box Office Breaking Big Fall Movie Preview Fall Movies Gallery Halloween Film Festivals. Available on AMC+, IFC Films, Prime Video, Tubi TV, iTunes. Poco dopo scoprono che sono nelle mani di un medico tedesco sinistro che è un ex chirurgo specializzato nel separare gemelli siamesi. Spanish subtitle The Human Centipede II (Full Sequence) (2011) The Human Centipede II (Full Sequence) (2011) THC-FS-KANDIKO. Il cherche à créer à sa manière le fruit de la création entrepris par le Docteur Heitzer dans le film original. 7. We try to add new providers constantly but we couldn't find an offer for "The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence)" online. Er lebt immer noch bei seiner Mutter, die ihn hasst, da er ihren Mann hinter Gittern gebracht hat. Inspired by the fictional Dr Heiter, disturbed loner Martin dreams of creating a 12-person centipede and sets out to realize his sick fantasy. --IMDb--Human Centipede II (Full Sequence)--Inspired by the fictional Dr. Heiter fiktif, mengganggu penyendiri Martin bermimpi untuk menciptakan lipan 12-orang dan bersiap untuk mewujudkan fantasinya yang sakit. During a stopover in Germany in the middle of a carefree road trip through Europe, two American girls find themselves alone at night when their car breaks down in the woods. Televised events such as the 1936 Summer Olympics. Martin is a mentally disturbed loner who lives with his mother in a bleak housing project. Subscribe and Watch. Dutch filmmaker Tom Six came onto the scene back in 2009 with his controversial, and perverse Horror film “The Human Centipede”. The Human Centipede (First Sequence) is 2457 on the JustWatch Daily Streaming Charts today. S. IMDB: 3. Searching for help at a nearby villa, they are wooed into the clutches of a deranged retired surgeon who explains his mad scientific vision to his captives' utter. . Truly one-of-a-kind, Tom Six’s twisted biological horror film THE HUMAN CENTIPEDE confidently goes where few films have dared to go. 3. ). Genre: Crime , Drama , Horror. The Human Centipede Martin Lomax è un uomo affetto da problemi mentali che lavora come guardia di sicurezza in un parcheggio sotterraneo. Whereas the original Human Centipede was a unique twist on the mad-scientist horror genre, The Human Centipede II is far closer to an exploitation film. The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) (2011) Stream and Watch Online. Genres: Horror. Directed by Tom SixIt's really entertaining. The Human Centipede (First Sequence) is 4160 on the JustWatch Daily Streaming Charts today. Ashlynn Yennie,Laurence R. . The Human Centipede II (Full Sequence), a horror movie starring Laurence R. Teaming with the Bounty Films content library, Breaking Glass will be promoting some of the best independent content in the world, starting with the highly. A mad scientist kidnaps and mutilates a trio of tourists in order to reassemble them into a human centipede, created by stitching their mouths to each others' rectums. </p><br /><p>The disc is in excellent condition and ready for immediate use. Heiter, singurul tulburat Martin visează să creeze un centipede de 12 persoane și își propune să își realizeze fantezia bolnavă. 'Tis the season to watch scary movies and The Human Centipede is one of the most disturbing ones. Horror. He works the night shift as a security guard in an equally grim and foreboding underground parking complex. Crime. Harvey, Ashlynn Yennie, and Vivien Bridson is available to stream now. Ashlynn Yennie. Human Centipede II (Full Sequence), The (2011) (out of 4) Martin (Laurence R. Martin, a mentally disturbed loner, is obsessed with THE HUMAN CENTIPEDE (FIRST SEQUENCE). Director: Tom Six. A man goes into a wooded area to go to the bathroom, he lowers his pants and squats down, another man with a rifle approaches from behind him and a gunshot is heard. It has been a while since I have seen a new horror film in black and white and HC2 pulls it off very well. I wanted to create a dark story - it had to look dirty and beautiful at the same time. The Human Centipede 3 (Final Sequence) is 25860 on the JustWatch Daily Streaming Charts today. Sinopsis : Durante un viaje a Alemania, Lindsay y Jenny, dos mujeres estadounidenses, sufren una. Rent from $2. When two stranded. If. Wir sind die ersten, die Filme und TV-Serien in HD 720p und HD 1080p Qualität für Smartphones und Tablets. THE HUMAN CENTIPEDE 2. Streaming charts last updated: 5:15:07 a. BluRay. An international co-production of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, and the second installment in the Human Centipede film trilogy, the film stars Laurence R. Still haven't bothered with the third one, I heard it's very shouty. Tom Six's 2009 horror movie, The Human Centipede bases its premise around the disgusting experiment of Josef Heiter (Dieter Laser), a surgeon who kidnaps a group of tourists and stitches their mouths to each. Tom Six’s sequel is exactly the film every wrongfully assumed the first one to be. Streaming charts last updated: 1:16:42 pm, 06/11/2023. Obsédé par le film "The Human Centipede" et par le projet du Docteur Heiter, Martin, un gardien de nuit pervers et sadique, kidnappe douze personnes pour créer son propre mille-pattes humain, et le tube digestif le plus long du monde. 20%. Then a bunch of bad acting, trying to shock the audience with more depraved things, and violence happens. The Human Centipede (First Sequence) 1:57. The movie has moved up the charts by 281 places since yesterday. Mentioned Without Spoilers. Heiter, disturbed loner Martin dreams of creating a 12-person centipede and sets out to realize his sick fantasy. 22, 2015, 7:00 a. Heiter, disturbed loner Martin dreams of creating a 12-person centipede and sets out to realize his sick fantasy. If you don't mind that, then you might like it. Martin obsesses over the first movie, and for that, I kind of love this sequel. 2009 - The Human Centipede - Tom Six. Ci è ossessionato ogni sera e anche guardare un film nuovo ' The Human Centipede ' sulla piccola TV nel suo ufficio. Six must have been ecstatic at the free marketing boost the controversy generated for the movie, which was always intended to primarily be. i just saw it, and it was good, but the difference between the second and first was that in the second one, a lot of scenes that were not shown in the 1st, i. Watch it on The Roku Channel, The Roku Channel or Prime Video on your Roku device. October 7, 2011. m. Thankfully my Amazon fire tv stick remote update notification got in the way and blocked 95% of it and I didn’t see much except a headcrab. Tom Six was born on 29 August 1973 in Alkmaar, Noord-Holland, Netherlands. . All My Friends Hate Me. Where is the best place to watch and stream The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) right now? We have an updated list of streaming services that. Inspired by the fictional Dr. Though wears a jock strap. The Human Centipede - Sortie le 13 octobre 2011 - en DVD film de Tom SixAvec Dieter La. Heiter has inspired a real-life protege, the sickly. I'm kind of a snob when it comes to my blu ray collection, and I LOVE collectors editions. AMC+ is a paid platform and does not entertain any kind of free streaming. 8 / 10. Williams. Heiter, disturbed loner Martin dreams of creating a 12-person centipede and sets out to realize his sick fantasy. Streaming charts last updated: 1:11:19 am, 19/11/2023. 2011year. Heiter made it clear how much he despises humans, and Martin is battered and abused in all. It’s absolutely depraved because it feels like a place. 1:20. The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) subtitles. Harvey, Ashlynn Yennie, Dominic BorrelliThe story of a man w. Synopsis The Human Centipede. FHD. You would have to be very brave to choose this ordeal over simply being murdered. 6. The Human Centipede 2 (2011)- source: IFC Films, FilmFlex. Streaming charts last updated: 21:12:22, 09/11/2023. The film tells the story of a mentally challenged British man who watches and becomes obsessed with the first Human Centipede film, and decides to. Description : Martin est un quarantenaire handicapé mental fasciné et obsédé par le film "The Human Centipede". Guarda FILM IN STREAMING Italiano, SubITA in alta qualità HD 720p, Full HD 1080p, UH 4K disponibili al download - scarica rapido. Human beings are capable of committing some pretty horrific acts, and this isn't beyond the realm of belief. Nah, ini dia 13 fakta film The Human Centipede dari yang pertama hingga ketiga. Enough said. 4 1 h 28 min 2010. ADS. — six entertainment company. The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) (2011) Stream and Watch Online. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Human Centipede 2: Teacher suspended for showing movie to high school class. He works the night shift as a security guard in an underground parking. Black and white really helped the story of Martin,” Six explains, before revealing one unusual influence. Because a couple days ago when I was gonna watch ichi the killer, I decided to scrolll and browse their homepage…. In Australia, it is currently more popular than Muppets from Space but less popular than The Descent: Part 2. The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) 6 octobre 2011 1K members. who watches the human centipede. The Human Centipede II (2011) Image Credit: Six Entertainment. Sang sutradara seolah membeli semua kritikan yang dijual banyak penikmat gore mengenai filmnya. It’s not just the meta take that’s fun, it’s the insanity of the whole thing done with a smile and a wink. Stars Eric Roberts. Is The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) (2011) streaming on Netflix, Disney+, Hulu, Amazon Prime Video, HBO Max, Peacock, or 50+ other streaming services? Find out where you can buy, rent, or subscribe to a streaming service to watch it live or on-demand. Le Parrain Mar, 1972. Horror. The Human Centipede (First Sequence) HORROR. The Human Centipede is a body horror franchise created by Dutch filmmaker Tom Six. An international co-production of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, and the sequel to Six’s 2009 film The Human Centipede (First Sequence), the film stars Laurence R. A woman goes into labor while running away; blood pours onto the floor. Dieter Laser. During a stopover in Germany in the middle of a carefree road trip through Europe, two American girls find themselves alone at night when their car breaks down in the woods. 29%. Son objectif est de faire un mille-pattes avec douze personnes, toutes reliées de la tête à l'anus pour ainsi créer le plus long tube digestif au monde. Cast: Laurence R. The most disgusting film at this year’s Festival is also possibly one of the funniest, with a sick conceit that will have you either clambering for a ticket or running a zillion miles in. 18M. 1. Harvey, Ashlynn Yennie, Dominic Borrelli, Georgia Goodrick, Maddi Black. 3 Commentaires / 12573 Vus. 100% medically INaccurate. Lui fa il turno di notte come guardia di sicurezza in un parcheggio sotterraneo. Synopsis. JustWatch. Tom Six. The Human Centipede III (Final Sequence): Directed by Tom Six. The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence): Directed by Tom Six. Release Calendar Top 250 Movies Most Popular Movies Browse Movies by Genre Top Box Office Showtimes & Tickets Movie News India Movie Spotlight. 2023 TV. 英文字のタイトル通り、3作の1作目でもあるが、続編の『 ムカデ人間2 』、最終作の『 ムカデ人. Despite being banned in the UK, THE HUMAN CENTIPEDE 2 (FULL SEQUENCE) is Tom Six’s sequel to the most outrageous horror film ever made. Zuhause wartet eine sadistische Mutter (Vivien Bridson) und sein Psychiater Dr. The Human Centipede streaming, ti aspetta su Streaming Community tutto Completo e Gratuito Online in Italiano, Il dottor Heiter decide di svolvere le sue abilità cucendo insieme degli esseri viventi per cercare di creare una tripletta siamese con un singolo apparato digestivo. Streaming charts last updated: 9:19:42 a. plus-circle Add Review. Comics-style gross-out, The Human Centipede is Dutch director Tom Six's uniquely macabre endurance test for fans of modern fright fare. The Human Centipede II (Full Sequence) has been banned in the UK by the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC). The first impulse when discussing the gruesome details of “The Human Centipede II (Full Sequence),” Tom Six’s simultaneously anticipated and feared follow-up to the 2009 cult hit, is simply. The Human Centipede 2 (2011) | Watch Streaming Hd The Human Centipede 2 2011 Full Movies | The Human Centipede 2 (2011) Full Movie-Streaming with English Subtitles ready for download, The Human Centipede 2 (2011), 720i, 1080i, DívX / XvíD, mkv, wébm, WEB-DL, High Quality. Harvey) goes on a killing and collecting spree to recreate the experiment portrayed in "The Human Centipede (First Sequence). She was portrayed by Vivien Bridson. The film tells the story of a German surgeon who. CB01. com. Find the cheapest option or how to watch with a free trial. The Human Centipede First Sequence (Six 2009) The Human Centipede 2 Full Sequence (Six 2011) Mentioned Without Spoilers Kuso (Lotus 2017) Mandy (Cosmatos 2018) TOPIC INDEX - The Human Centipede 3 Final Sequence (times are approximate) Intro (times are approximate) 0:00 - Introducing the film 3:46 - Movie discussion begins. Amazon Renewed Like-new productsyou can trust. The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) (2011) videocam Trailer. 3260. مشاهدة فيلم The Human Centipede 2 2011 مترجم كامل جودة عالية BlueRay مشاهدة مباشرة اون لاين وتحميل فيلم The Human Centipede 2 2011 بدون اعلانات مزعجة فيلم الرجل ذو اﻷربعة واﻷربعين قدم 2 The Human Centipede 2 بالترجمة بالعربية. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. II. Be the first one to write a review. In the United States, it is currently more popular than Satria Dewa: Gatotkaca but less popular than Project: ALF. Josef Heiter has a demented vision for mankind's future existence. The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) The sequel film took things to an even darker place, with much more graphic scenes and more disparate inspirations. A depraved mama's boy (Laurence R. X-Ray R. ムカデ人間2. The Human Centipede 3 (Final Sequence) 22 mai 2015 822 members. Il cherche à créer à sa manière le fruit de la création entrepris par le Docteur Heitzer dans le original. The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) is 25555 on the JustWatch Daily Streaming Charts today. 2023 Movie. 1h 37mlength. Find the cheapest option or how to watch with a free trial. Pushed to the brink by his mother and haunted by the teasing of his abusive father, Martin sets into motion his plan to create his own human centipede. In Germany, they end up alone at night with a broken car in the woods. The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence): With Jay Bond, Sean Sosney. HarveyLucas HansenMaddi Black. 10 The Human Centipede. The Human Centipede 2: [Full Sequence] Uncut Philadelphia based Breaking Glass Pictures is proud to announce the beta launch of it's new VOD platform Bountyfilms. Cast: Dieter Laser, Ashley C. Human Centipede II' (Full Sequence) Trailer 2 Starring: Laurence R. The Human Centipede II, Full Sequence. Il cherche à créer à sa manière le fruit de la création entrepris par le Docteur Heitzer dans le film original. . 2:04. The Human Centipede II (Full Sequence) - Apple TV. So seeing it in color would be pretty interesting. The Human Centipede 2, online - Martin è un solitario con problemi mentali che vive anche con la madre in un quartiere povero di Londra. The film concerns a deranged German surgeon who kidnaps three tourists and conjoins them surgically, mouth to anus, forming the eponymous "human centipede ". Clayton Rohner. blogspot. Dieter Laser gives a terrific performance as the. The Human Centipede. Harvey, Ashlynn Yennie, Maddi Black Language: English Country: USA | IMDB Info | Ar: 16:9 | BRrip. Mulai dari ide pembuatan film hingga gugatan hukum terhadap aktornya. Director: Tom Six | Stars: Dieter Laser, Winter Williams, Ashlynn Yennie, Akihiro Kitamura. The Human Centipede (First Sequence) is 4309 on the JustWatch Daily Streaming Charts today. Josef Heiter has a demented vision for mankind’s future existence. He works the night shift as a security guard in an equally grim and foreboding underground parking. In the United Kingdom, it is currently more popular than The Big Wedding but less popular than Transmutators. A plotless, ugly, grating mess that exists for pure shock value and nothing else. R.